Effect of water content in ethanol on spray formation at subcooled and flash-boiling conditions
نویسندگان
چکیده
Direct-injection spark-ignition engines can be more sensitive to fuel type as the time available for spray formation and mixing is rather limited. The challenge further complicated by stock which includes a significant bio-derived component in some markets manage sustainability. thermophysical properties of bio-components like ethanol differ markedly from typical hydrocarbons found gasoline iso-octane. Moreover, production anhydrous involves separating water distillation dehydration an energy intensive process. This study presents results optical investigation into process hydrous fuels with 4–15% content per volume direct comparison Injection tests were carried out 20–110°C temperature at 1.0 bar 0.5 gas pressure mimic thermodynamic conditions cold-start fully-warm engine low-load wide-open-throttle operation. High-speed imaging was conducted along droplet sizing phase Doppler anemometry. all fuels, including vapour pressure, density, viscosity surface tension, well curves, obtained over range temperatures respective Reynolds, Weber Ohnesorge numbers considered analysis. At 20°C iso-octane exhibited similar plume penetration, whilst increasing reduced penetration. higher up 90°C, showed lower penetration than still sequence content. 110°C, signs merging collapse, particularly clear differences degree collapse stronger increased cone angle that pure ethanol, 4% close azeotropic point showing wider 20°C, being distinctly 90°C. Iso-octane had consistently smaller Sauter mean diameter fuels. As percentage there increase sizes conditions.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['1879-2189', '0017-9310']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.121884